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The Hudson Bay Lowland is an undulating plain of subdued relief and low elevation. Erosion by the continental ice sheet deranged the drainage, resulting in a maze of swamps, lakes, and streams.
Paleozoic strata dip gently to the northeast, towards the bay. The maximum onshore thickness of Paleozoic strata is 884m, but in the central part of Hudson Bay the thickness probably exceeds
1800m. These strata consists mainly of limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite. The formations of the Hudson Bay Basin are partially correlative with the Paleozoic sequence of the Williston Basin.
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